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Heterogeneous hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidation is an important aging process for isoprene epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) that alters its chemical composition. It was recently demonstrated that heterogeneous •OH oxidation can age single-component particulate methyltetrol sulfates (MTSs), causing ∼55% of the SOA mass loss. However, our most recent study of freshly generated IEPOX-SOA particulate mixtures suggests that the lifetime of the complete IEPOX-SOA mixture against heterogeneous •OH oxidation can be prolonged through the fragmentation of higher-order oligomers. Published studies suggest that the heterogeneous •OH oxidation of IEPOX SOA could affect the organic atmospheric aerosol budget at varying rates, depending on aerosol chemical composition. However, heterogeneous •OH oxidation kinetics for the full IEPOX-SOA particulate mixture have not been reported. Here, we exposed freshly generated IEPOX-SOA particles to heterogeneous oxidation by •OH under humid conditions (relative humidity ∼57%) for 0−15 atmospheric-equivalent days of aging and derived an effective heterogeneous •OH rate coefficient (kOH) of 2.64 ± 0.4 × 10−13 cm^3 molecules−1 s−1. While ∼44% of particulate organic mass of nonoxidized IEPOX-SOA was consumed over the entire 15 day aging period, only <7% was consumed during the initial 10 aging days. By molecular-level chemical analysis, we determined oligomers were consumed at a faster rate (by a factor of 2−4) than monomers. Analysis of aerosol physicochemical properties shows that IEPOX-SOA has a core−shell morphology, and the shell becomes thinner with •OH oxidation. In summary, this study demonstrates that heterogeneous •OH oxidation of IEPOX-SOA particles is a dynamic process in which aerosol chemical composition and physicochemical properties play important roles. 

Acid-driven multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) with inorganic sulfate aerosols contributes substantially to formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which constitutes a large mass fraction of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, atmospheric chemical sinks of freshly generated IEPOX-SOA particles remain unclear. We examined the role of heterogeneous oxidation of freshly-generated IEPOX-SOA particles by gas-phase hydroxyl radical (•OH) under dark conditions as one potential atmospheric sink. After 4 h of gas-phase •OH exposure (~3x108 molecules cm-3), chemical changes in smog chamber-generated IEPOX-SOA particles were assessed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/ESI-HR-QTOFMS). Comparison of molecular-level compositional changes in IEPOX-SOA particles during aging with or without •OH revealed that decomposition of oligomers by heterogeneous •OH oxidation acts as a sink for •OH and maintains a reservoir of low-volatility compounds including monomeric sulfate esters and oligomer fragments. We propose tentative structures and formation mechanisms for previously uncharacterized SOA constituents in PM2.5. Our results suggest that this •OH-driven renewal of low-volatility products may extend atmospheric lifetimes of IEPOX-SOA particles by slowing production of low-molecular weight, high-volatility organic fragments, and likely contributes to large quantities of 2-methyltetrols and methyltetrol sulfates reported in PM2.5. 

Methyltetrol sulfates are unique tracers for secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formed from acid-driven multiphase chemistry of isoprene-derived epoxydiols. 2-Methyltetrol sulfate diastereomers (2-MTSs) are the dominant isomers and single most-abundant SOA tracers in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), but their atmospheric sinks remain unknown. We investigated the oxidative aging of authentic 2-MTS aerosols by gas-phase hydroxyl radicals (•OH) at a relative humidity of 61 ± 1%. The effective rate constant for this heterogeneous reaction was determined as 4.9 ± 0.6 × 10–13 cm3 molecules–1 s–1, corresponding to an atmospheric lifetime of 16 ± 2 days (assuming an •OH concentration of 1.5 × 106 molecules cm–3). Chemical changes to 2-MTSs were monitored by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography interfaced to electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/ESI-HR-QTOFMS). Plausible reaction mechanisms are proposed for previously unknown OSs detected in atmospheric PM2.5 at mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 139 (C2H3O5S–), 155 (C2H3O6S–), 169 (C3H5O6S–), 171 (C3H7O6S–), 185 (C3H5O7S–), 199 (C4H7O7S–), 211 (C5H7O7S–), 213 (C5H9O7S–), 227 (C5H7O8S–), 229 (C5H9O8S–), and 231 (C5H11O8S–). Heterogeneous •OH oxidation of 2-MTSs redistributes the particulate sulfur speciation into more oxygenated/functionalized OSs, likely modifying the aerosol physicochemical properties of SOA containing 2-MTSs. 

Abstract. Acid-catalyzed multiphase chemistry of epoxydiols formed from isopreneoxidation yields the most abundant organosulfates (i.e., methyltetrolsulfates) detected in atmospheric fine aerosols in the boundary layer. Thispotentially determines the physicochemical properties of fine aerosols inisoprene-rich regions. However, chemical stability of these organosulfatesremains unclear. As a result, we investigate the heterogeneous oxidation ofaerosols consisting of potassium 3-methyltetrol sulfate ester(C5H11SO7K) by gas-phase hydroxyl (OH) radicals at a relativehumidity (RH) of 70.8 %. Real-time molecular composition of the aerosolsis obtained by using a Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) ionization sourcecoupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Aerosol mass spectra revealthat 3-methyltetrol sulfate ester can be detected as its anionic form(C5H11SO7-) via direct ionization in the negativeionization mode. Kinetic measurements reveal that the effective heterogeneousOH rate constant is measured to be 4.74±0.2×10-13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 with a chemical lifetime against OHoxidation of 16.2±0.3 days, assuming an OH radical concentration of1.5×106 molecules cm−3. Comparison of this lifetime withthose against other aerosol removal processes, such as dry and wetdeposition, suggests that 3-methyltetrol sulfate ester is likely to bechemically stable over atmospheric timescales. Aerosol mass spectra only showan increase in the intensity of bisulfate ion (HSO4-) afteroxidation, suggesting the importance of fragmentation processes. Overall,potassium 3-methyltetrol sulfate ester likely decomposes to form volatilefragmentation products and aqueous-phase sulfate radial anion(SO4⚫-). SO4⚫- subsequently undergoesintermolecular hydrogen abstraction to form HSO4-. These processesappear to explain the compositional evolution of 3-methyltetrol sulfate esterduring heterogeneous OH oxidation.